Military

– – – Websites – – –

African Explorers of Spanish America – Park Ethnography Program

Black Conquistadors: Armed Africans in Early Spanish America (1500s) – Originalpeople.org

“Black Conquistadors Armed Africans in Early Spanish America,” The Americas, Vol.52 No.2 October 2000, pgs. 171-205

Escamilla, Luis. Garrido, Juan (c. 1480-c.1550), Blackpast.org

Gates Jr., Henry Louis. “Who Was the First African American?,” The Roots, October 22, 2012.

Gerhard, Peter. “A Black Conquistador in Mexico.” The Hispanic American Historical Review 58, no. 3 (1978): 451-59.  [No Link]

“African Explorers and Settlers of the New World,” The Unfolding Journey 

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